Bornholm {archdata}

Female Iron Age Graves, Bornholm, Denmark

Description

Data on the occurrence of 39 different types of ornamentation in 77 female graves at Iron age sites in in Bornholm, Denmark.

Usage

data("Bornholm")

Format

A data frame with 77 observations on the following 42 variables.

Number

Observation Number

Site

Site/Bural Number

Period

Chronological period: 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, and 3b

N2c

count

R3d

count

N2a

count

Q3b

count

R3c

count

N1

count

Q3c

count

O1

count

O2

count

N2e

count

I3

count

R3b

count

K1a

count

Q3a

count

I2

count

K1c

count

K1b

count

H

count

Q3d

count

J1d

count

S1

count

D

count

Q2

count

S3

count

P2

count

P4

count

G3

count

E2a

count

P3

count

R3a

count

R1

count

E2b

count

G2

count

I1b

count

G1

count

F

count

P1

count

I1a

count

A2e

count

Details

Nielsen used data on 39 different types of ornaments from Ørsnes (1966) to seriate a series of 77 Late Germanic Iron Age (CE 550 - 800) graves from Bornholm, Denmark (1988, Table 4 and Figure 7). Baxter re-analyzed the data to illustrate correspondence analysis (1994: 104-107, Table A6). These data were taken from Nielsen's Table 4 showing her seriation. Baxter's version is scrambled in order to evaluate different seriation methods and does not include the ornament types (illustrated in Nielson's Figure 7). The data include Ørsnes's period and subperiod designations (1966).

Source

Baxter, M. J. 1994. Exploratory Multivariate Analysis in Archaeology. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh.

Nielsen, K. H. 1988. Correspondence Analysis Applied to Hords and Graves of the Germanic Iron Age. In Multivariate Archaeology: Numerical Approaches in Scandinavian Archaeology, edited by Torsten Madsen, pp 37-54. Jutland Archaeological Society Publications XXI. Arahus University Press.

Ørsnes, M. 1966. Form og stil i Sydskandinaviens yngre germanske jernalder. Nationalmuseets skrifter. Arkæologisk-historisk række 11. Copenhagen.

Examples

if (requireNamespace("MASS", quietly = TRUE)) {
  data(Bornholm)
  Bornholm.ca <- MASS::corresp(Bornholm[, 4:42], nf=2)
  plot(Bornholm.ca$rscore, pch=substring(Bornholm$Period, 1, 1), cex=.75)
  boxplot(Bornholm.ca$rscore[, 1]~Bornholm$Period, main="First CA Axis by Period")
} else {
  cat("This example requires the MASS package.\n")
}