plot3d.points {aqfig}

Make 3-D scatterplot (using colored or differently-sized points)

Description

Given a list of points' coordinates and the values observed at those points, return a scatterplot with points located as specified by the coordinates and coded by color and/or size to represnt the observed value at the location. This code is basically a wrapper for a call to the function points.geodata in the geoR package.

Usage

plot3d.points(x, y, z, zlim = range(z, na.rm = TRUE),
   add = FALSE, col = heat.colors(12), xlab, ylab,
   pch = 21, cex.min = 1, cex.max = 1,
   symbol.border.col = "black",
   plt.beyond.zlim = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

x

x-coordinates of locations at which response values z are recorded.

y

y-coordinates of locations at which response values z are recorded.

z

Response values z observed at locations whose coordinates are given by (x, y).

zlim

Vector of minimum and maximum values of z to which to assign the two most extreme colors in the col argument (col[1] and col[length(col)]). Default is to use the range of z. This is very much like the zlim argument to the image function.

add

If FALSE (default), the function will begin a new plot. If TRUE, adds scatterplot to a pre-existing plot.

col

Color range to use for the scatterplot, with the first color assigned to zlim[1] and last color assigned to zlim[2]. Default is “heat.colors(12)”, as it is for image.

xlab

The label for the x-axis. If not specified by the user, defaults to the expression the user named as parameter x. This behavior is similar to that for plot.

ylab

The label for the y-axis. If not specified by the user, defaults to the expression the user named as parameter y. This behavior is similar to that for plot.

pch

The point symbol to use. Possible values are 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25. This is because points.geodata requires these points, which have outlines around them. Default is a circle (‘pch=21’).

cex.min

Minimum amount to shrink/expand the point symbols.

cex.max

Maximum amount to shrink/expand the point symbols.

Parameters cex.min and cex.max control the minimum and maximum amounts to shrink/expland the points, based on the value of z. By default, these are both set to one, which makes all the points the same size. For more information, see the help page for points.geodata.

symbol.border.col

This controls the color of the border around the plotting symbol. By default, it is black. If a border is not desired, use ‘symbol.border.col=“transparent”’.

plt.beyond.zlim

IF TRUE, and if zlim is specified by the user, z values beyond the limits given in zlim are plotted. Values less than zlim[1] are plotted in the same color as zlim[1]; values greater than zlim[2] are plotted in the same color as zlim[2]. If TRUE, and zlim is not specified by the user, zlim[1] and zlim[2] will be assigned the minimum and maximum values of z. In this case, user is warned and plt.beyond.zlim is set to FALSE. Default is plt.beyond.zlim==FALSE.

...

Any other parameters the user adds will be passed to the plot function if ‘add=FALSE’, and may include options for axis labels, titles, etc.

Details

This function is a wrapper to the points.geodata function in the geoR package.

Value

A scatterplot with points at (x,y). These points are colored according to the correspoinding value of z and the colors specified in col. They are sized according to the corresponding value of z and the minimum and maximum sizes specified by cex.min and cex.max.

Author(s)

Jenise Swall

See Also

points.geodata, points

Examples

# Plot ozone at each location using colors from rainbow.colors
# and differently-sized points.  Add a legend using function
# vertical.image.legend (included in this package).
data(ozone1)
col.rng <- rev(rainbow(n=10, start=0, end=4/6))
z.rng <- c(40, 90)
plot3d.points(x=ozone1$longitude, y=ozone1$latitude, z=ozone1$daily.max,
              xlab="longitude", ylab="latitude", col=col.rng,
              zlim=z.rng, cex.min=0.5, cex.max=1.5)
# To verify, label the points with their concentrations.
text(ozone1$longitude, ozone1$latitude+0.15, ozone1$daily.max, cex=0.7)
# If maps package is available, put on state lines.
if (require("maps"))  map("state", add=TRUE, col="lightgray")
# Put on legend.
vertical.image.legend(col=col.rng, zlim=z.rng)


# Plot second day of ozone data.  Note that day 2 experienced a smaller
# range of concentrations, so we plot day 2 on same scale as day 1.
data(ozone1)
data(ozone2)
z.rng <- c(40, 90)
col.rng <- rev(rainbow(n=10, start=0, end=4/6))
plot3d.points(x=ozone2$longitude, y=ozone2$latitude, z=ozone2$daily.max,
              xlab="longitude", ylab="latitude", col=col.rng,
              zlim=z.rng, cex.min=0.5, cex.max=1.5)
# To verify, label the points with their concentrations.
text(ozone2$longitude, ozone2$latitude+0.15, ozone2$daily.max, cex=0.7)
# If maps package is available, put on state lines.
if (require("maps"))  map("state", add=TRUE, col="lightgray")
vertical.image.legend(col=col.rng, zlim=z.rng)



# When some z value(s) is/are much lower/higher than the others,
# the outlying value(s) may appear in color at the extent
# of the range, with the remainder of the data clustered in one (or
# just a few) color bin(s).
x <- 1:9
y <- 1:9
z <- c(0, 47:53, 100)
col.rng <- rev(rainbow(n=7, start=0, end=4/6))
plot3d.points(x, y, z, col=col.rng)
text(x, y+0.2, z, cex=0.8)

# In vain, you might try to "fix" this by setting zlim so that the
# color range reflects the main portion of the z values.  You may
# assume that the outlying value(s) will show up in the extreme edges
# of the color range, but what will actually happen is that the
# outlying values won't be plotted.
plot3d.points(x, y, z, col=col.rng, zlim=c(47, 53))
text(x, y+0.2, z, cex=0.8)

# Instead, specify zlim to reflect the main porition of the z values,
# and set plt.beyond.zlim=TRUE.  Now, z values below zlim[1] will be
# plotted in the same color as zlim[1]; those above zlim[2] will be
# plotted like z values of zlim[2].  But, remember, now there are
# outlying values whose maginitudes cannot be easily ascertained!
plot3d.points(x, y, z, zlim=c(47, 53), col=col.rng, plt.beyond.zlim=TRUE)
text(x, y+0.2, z, cex=0.8)