genlight-class {adegenet}

Formal class "genlight"

Description

The class genlight is a formal (S4) class for storing a genotypes of binary SNPs in a compact way, using a bit-level coding scheme. This storage is most efficient with haploid data, where the memory taken to represent data can be reduced more than 50 times. However, genlight can be used for any level of ploidy, and still remain an efficient storage mode.

A genlight object can be constructed from vectors of integers giving the number of the second allele for each locus and each individual (see 'Objects of the class genlight' below).

genlight stores multiple genotypes. Each genotype is stored as a SNPbin object.

Details

=== On the subsetting using [ ===

The function [ accepts the following extra arguments:

treatOther

a logical stating whether elements of the @other slot should be treated as well (TRUE), or not (FALSE). If treated, elements of the list are examined for a possible match of length (vectors, lists) or number of rows (matrices, data frames) with the number of individuals. Those who match are subsetted accordingly. Others are left as is, issuing a warning unless the argument quiet is set to TRUE.

quiet

a logical indicating whether warnings should be issued when trying to subset components of the @other slot which do not match the number of individuals (TRUE), or not (FALSE, default).

...

further arguments passed to the genlight constructor.

Objects from the class genlight

genlight objects can be created by calls to new("genlight", ...), where '...' can be the following arguments:

gen

input genotypes, where each genotype is coded as a vector of numbers of the second allele. If a list, each slot of the list correspond to an individual; if a matrix or a data.frame, rows correspond to individuals and columns to SNPs. If individuals or loci are named in the input, these names will we stored in the produced object. All individuals are expected to have the same number of SNPs. Shorter genotypes are completed with NAs, issuing a warning.

ploidy

an optional vector of integers indicating the ploidy of the genotypes. Genotypes can therefore have different ploidy. If not provided, ploidy will be guessed from the data (as the maximum number of second alleles in each individual).

ind.names

an optional vector of characters giving the labels of the genotypes.

loc.names

an optional vector of characters giving the labels of the SNPs.

loc.all

an optional vector of characters indicating the alleles of each SNP; for each SNP, alleles must be coded by two letters separated by '/', e.g. 'a/t' is valid, but 'a t' or 'a |t' are not.

chromosome

an optional factor indicating the chromosome to which each SNP belongs.

position

an optional vector of integers indicating the position of the SNPs.

other

an optional list storing miscellaneous information.

Slots

The following slots are the content of instances of the class genlight; note that in most cases, it is better to retrieve information via accessors (see below), rather than by accessing the slots manually.

gen:

a list of genotypes stored as SNPbin objects.

n.loc:

an integer indicating the number of SNPs of the genotype.

ind.names:

a vector of characters indicating the names of genotypes.

loc.names:

a vector of characters indicating the names of SNPs.

loc.all:

a vector of characters indicating the alleles of each SNP.

chromosome:

an optional factor indicating the chromosome to which each SNP belongs.

position:

an optional vector of integers indicating the position of the SNPs.

ploidy:

a vector of integers indicating the ploidy of each individual.

pop:

a factor indicating the population of each individual.

strata:

a data frame containing different levels of population definition. (For methods, see addStrata and setPop)

hierarchy:

a hierarchical formula defining the hierarchical levels in the @@strata slot.

other:

a list containing other miscellaneous information.

Methods

Here is a list of methods available for genlight objects. Most of these methods are accessors, that is, functions which are used to retrieve the content of the object. Specific manpages can exist for accessors with more than one argument. These are indicated by a '*' symbol next to the method's name. This list also contains methods for conversion from genlight to other classes.

[

signature(x = "genlight"): usual method to subset objects in R. Is to be applied as if the object was a matrix where genotypes were rows and SNPs were columns. Indexing can be done via vectors of signed integers or of logicals. See details for extra supported arguments.

show

signature(x = "genlight"): printing of the object.

$

signature(x = "genlight"): similar to the @ operator; used to access the content of slots of the object.

$<-

signature(x = "genlight"): similar to the @ operator; used to replace the content of slots of the object.

tab

signature(x = "genlight"): returns a table of allele counts (see tab; additional arguments are freq, a logical stating if relative frequencies should be returned (use for varying ploidy), and NA.method, a character indicating if missing values should be replaced by the mean frequency("mean"), or left as is ("asis").

nInd

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the number of individuals in the object.

nPop

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the number of populations in the object.

nLoc

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the number of SNPs in the object.

dim

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the number of individuals and SNPs in the object, respectively.

names

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the names of the slots of the object.

indNames

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the names of the individuals, if provided when the object was constructed.

indNames<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the names of the individuals using a character vector of length nInd(x).

popNames

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the names of the populations, if provided when the object was constructed.

popNames<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the names of the populations using a character vector of length nPop(x).

locNames

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the names of the loci, if provided when the object was constructed.

locNames<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the names of the SNPs using a character vector of length nLoc(x).

ploidy

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the ploidy of the genotypes.

ploidy<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the ploidy of the individuals using a vector of integers of size nInd(x); if a single value is provided, the same ploidy is assumed for all individuals.

NA.posi

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the indices of missing values (NAs) as a list with one vector of integer for each individual.

alleles

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the names of the alleles of each SNPs, if provided when the object was constructed.

alleles<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the names of the alleles of each SNPs using a character vector of length nLoc(x); for each SNP, two alleles must be provided, separated by a "/", e.g. 'a/t', 'c/a', etc.

chromosome

signature(x = "genlight"): returns a factor indicating the chromosome of each SNPs, or NULL if the information is missing.

chromosome<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the chromosome to which SNPs belong using a factor of length nLoc(x).

chr

signature(x = "genlight"): shortcut for chromosome.

chr<-

signature(x = "genlight"): shortcut for chromosome<-.

position

signature(x = "genlight"): returns an integer vector indicating the position of each SNPs, or NULL if the information is missing.

position<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the positions of the SNPs using an integer vector of length nLoc(x).

pop

signature(x = "genlight"): returns a factor indicating the population of each individual, if provided when the object was constructed.

pop<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the population of each individual using a factor of length nInd(x).

other

signature(x = "genlight"): returns the content of the slot @other.

other<-

signature(x = "genlight"): sets the content of the slot @other.

as.matrix

signature(x = "genlight"): converts a genlight object into a matrix of integers, with individuals in rows and SNPs in columns. The S4 method 'as' can be used as well (e.g. as(x, "matrix")).

as.data.frame

signature(x = "genlight"): same as as.matrix.

as.list

signature(x = "genlight"): converts a genlight object into a list of genotypes coded as vector of integers (numbers of second allele). The S4 method 'as' can be used as well (e.g. as(x, "list")).

cbind

signature(x = "genlight"): merges several genlight objects by column, i.e. regroups data of identical individuals genotyped for different SNPs.

rbind

signature(x = "genlight"): merges several genlight objects by row, i.e. regroups data of different individuals genotyped for the same SNPs.

Author(s)

Thibaut Jombart ([e-mail])
Zhian N. Kamvar ([e-mail])

See Also

Related class:
- SNPbin, for storing individual genotypes of binary SNPs

- genind, for storing other types of genetic markers.

Examples

## Not run: 
## TOY EXAMPLE ##
## create and convert data
dat <- list(toto=c(1,1,0,0), titi=c(NA,1,1,0), tata=c(NA,0,3, NA))
x <- new("genlight", dat)
x

## examine the content of the object
names(x)
x@gen
x@gen[[1]]@snp # bit-level coding for first individual

## conversions
as.list(x)
as.matrix(x)

## round trips - must return TRUE
identical(x, new("genlight", as.list(x))) # list
identical(x, new("genlight", as.matrix(x))) # matrix
identical(x, new("genlight", as.data.frame(x))) # data.frame

## test subsetting
x[c(1,3)] # keep individuals 1 and 3
as.list(x[c(1,3)])
x[c(1,3), 1:2] # keep individuals 1 and 3, loci 1 and 2
as.list(x[c(1,3), 1:2])
x[c(TRUE,FALSE), c(TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE)] # same, using logicals
as.list(x[c(TRUE,FALSE), c(TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE)])


## REAL-SIZE EXAMPLE ##
## 50 genotypes of 1,000,000 SNPs
dat <- lapply(1:50, function(i) sample(c(0,1,NA), 1e6, prob=c(.5, .49, .01), replace=TRUE))
names(dat) <- paste("indiv", 1:length(dat))
print(object.size(dat), unit="aut") # size of the original data

x <- new("genlight", dat) # conversion
x
print(object.size(x), unit="au") # size of the genlight object
object.size(dat)/object.size(x) # conversion efficiency



#### cbind, rbind ####
a <- new("genlight", list(toto=rep(1,10), tata=rep(c(0,1), each=5), titi=c(NA, rep(1,9)) ))

ara <- rbind(a,a)
ara
as.matrix(ara)

aca <- cbind(a,a)
aca
as.matrix(aca)


#### subsetting @other ####
x <- new("genlight", list(a=1,b=0,c=1), other=list(1:3, letters,data.frame(2:4)))
x
other(x)
x[2:3]
other(x[2:3])
other(x[2:3, treatOther=FALSE])


#### seppop ####
pop(x) # no population info
pop(x) <- c("pop1","pop1", "pop2") # set population memberships
pop(x)
seppop(x)

## End(Not run)