Tb_CampbellNorman {TrenchR}

Operative Environmental Temperature of an Ectotherm based on Campbell and Norman (1988)

Description

The function estimates body temperatures (C, operative environmental temperature) of an ectotherm using an approximation based on Campbell and Norman (1998) and Mitchell (1976).

Usage

Tb_CampbellNorman(
  T_a,
  T_g,
  S,
  a_s = 0.7,
  a_l = 0.96,
  epsilon = 0.96,
  c_p = 29.3,
  D,
  u
)

Arguments

T_a

numeric air temperature (C).

T_g

numeric ground temperature (C).

S

numeric flux density of solar radiation (W m^-2), combining direct, diffuse, and reflected radiation accounting for view factors.

a_s

numeric organismal solar absorptivity (proportion).

a_l

numeric organismal thermal absorptivity (proportion); 0.965 for lizards (Bartlett and Gates 1967).

epsilon

numeric longwave infrared emissivity of skin (proportion), 0.95 to 1 for most animals (Gates 1980).

c_p

numeric specific heat of air (J mol^-1 C^-1).

D

numeric characteristic dimension of the animal (m).

u

numeric wind speed (m s^-1).

Details

Boundary conductance uses a factor of 1.4 to account for increased convection (Mitchell 1976). The function assumes forced conduction.

Value

numeric operative environmental temperature, T_e (C).

References

Bartlett PN, Gates DM (1967). “The energy budget of a lizard on a tree trunk.” Ecology, 48, 316-322.

Campbell GS, Norman JM (1998). Introduction to environmental biophysics, 2nd ed. edition. Springer, New York. ISBN 0387949372.

Gates DM (1980). Biophysical Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA.

Mitchell JW (1976). “Heat transfer from spheres and other animal forms.” Biophysical Journal, 16(6), 561-569. ISSN 0006-3495, doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(76)85711-6.

See Also

Other biophysical models: Grashof_number_Gates(), Grashof_number(), Nusselt_from_Grashof(), Nusselt_from_Reynolds(), Nusselt_number(), Prandtl_number(), Qconduction_animal(), Qconduction_substrate(), Qconvection(), Qemitted_thermal_radiation(), Qevaporation(), Qmetabolism_from_mass_temp(), Qmetabolism_from_mass(), Qnet_Gates(), Qradiation_absorbed(), Qthermal_radiation_absorbed(), Reynolds_number(), T_sky(), Tb_Gates2(), Tb_Gates(), Tb_butterfly(), Tb_grasshopper(), Tb_limpetBH(), Tb_limpet(), Tb_lizard_Fei(), Tb_lizard(), Tb_mussel(), Tb_salamander_humid(), Tb_snail(), Tbed_mussel(), Tsoil(), actual_vapor_pressure(), boundary_layer_resistance(), external_resistance_to_water_vapor_transfer(), free_or_forced_convection(), heat_transfer_coefficient_approximation(), heat_transfer_coefficient_simple(), heat_transfer_coefficient(), saturation_vapor_pressure(), saturation_water_vapor_pressure()

Examples

Tb_CampbellNorman (T_a     = 30, 
                   T_g     = 30, 
                   S       = 823, 
                   a_s = 0.7, 
                   a_l = 0.96, 
                   epsilon = 0.96, 
                   c_p     = 29.3, 
                   D       = 0.17, 
                   u       = 1)