zika_learner {SelectionBias}

Simulated data set emulating a zika outbreak in Brazil

Description

The data set is simulated to mimic real data. For the data generating process, see the vignette.

Usage

data(zika_learner)

Format

A data frame with 5,000 observations on the following 7 binary variables:

mic_ceph

Indication if the baby has microcephaly (1=microcephaly, 0=not microcephaly)

zika

Indication if the mother is infected by zika (1=infected, 0=not infected)

urban

Indication of the living area of the subject (1=urban, 0=rural)

SES

Indication of the socioeconomic status of the subject (1=high, 0=low)

birth

First selection variable. Indication if the baby is born (1=birth, 0=terminated birth)

hospital

Second selection variable. Indication if the delivery is in a public hospital (1=public, 0=private)

sel_ind

Selection indicator variable. Indication if the subject is included in the study (1=included, 0=not included)

Details

The data set is created to use in examples of selection bias. A similar example has previously been used in articles that construct bounds for selection bias (Smith and VanderWeele, 2019; Zetterstrom and Waernbaum, 2022).

References

de Araújo, Thalia Velho Barreto, et al. "Association between microcephaly, Zika virus infection, and other risk factors in Brazil: final report of a case-control study." The Lancet infectious diseases 18.3 (2018): 328-336.

de Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber, et al. "Infection-related microcephaly after the 2015 and 2016 Zika virus outbreaks in Brazil: a surveillance-based analysis." The Lancet 390.10097 (2017): 861-870.

Ali, Sofia, et al. "Environmental and social change drive the explosive emergence of Zika virus in the Americas." PLoS neglected tropical diseases 11.2 (2017): e0005135.

Lebov, Jill F., et al. "International prospective observational cohort study of Zika in infants and pregnancy (ZIP study): study protocol." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 19.1 (2019): 1-10.

Malta, Monica, et al. "Abortion in Brazil: the case for women's rights, lives, and choices." The Lancet Public Health 4.11 (2019): e552.

Smith, Louisa H., and Tyler J. VanderWeele. "Bounding bias due to selection." Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) 30.4 (2019): 509.

Zetterstrom, Stina and Waernbaum, Ingeborg. "Selection bias and multiple inclusion criteria in observational studies" Epidemiologic Methods 11, no. 1 (2022): 20220108.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=BR

https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/geral/noticia/2020-12/number-births-registered-brazil-down-2019

https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/brazil/healthcare/health-system