nep {Relectoral}

Voting dimension index. Effective number of political parties (electoral and parliamentary) (N)

Description

This indicator (Laakso and Taagepera 1979) is complementary to the electoral fragmentation indicator, and its objective is to measure the number of parties that actually compete in an electoral process. The mathematical formula used to calculate this indicator is as follows:

N=\frac{1}{\sum p_{i}^{2}}

for i = 1, 2, \ldots,n and p_i the percentages (as parts per unit) of votes or seats of the party i

Usage

nep(votes, seats)

Arguments

votes

It is a vector of integers, containing the votes of all the candidates.

seats

It is a vector of integers, containing the seats obtained by each of the candidates.

Value

Returns a dataframe, with the columns "electoral" and "parliamentary" to store the value of the index of the effective number of parties in the electoral or parliamentary way respectively

Examples

nep(c(3947,3189,1971,466,345,82),c(184,99,44,10,1,0))