QDR2018C {QDiabetes}

QDiabetes-2018 Risk Calculator (C-Variant)

Description

Calculate the 10-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes, using the C-variant of the QDiabetes-2018 algorithm. This variant includes all risk predictors present in the A-variant, with the addition of glycated haemoglobin A1c.

Usage

QDR2018C(sex, age, bmi, ht, wt, hba1c, ethn = "WhiteNA", smoke = "Non", tds = 0,
         fhdm = FALSE, htn = FALSE, cvd = FALSE, gdm = FALSE, pcos = FALSE,
         learn = FALSE, psy = FALSE, ster = FALSE, stat = FALSE, apsy = FALSE)

Arguments

sex

Gender. Must be "Male" or "Female".

age

Age, in years. Must be \ge25 and <85.

bmi

Body-mass index, in kg/m^2. Must be \ge40/2.1^2 and \le180/1.4^2. Within this range, values >40 are set to 40, while values <20 are set to 20.

ht

Height, in m. Must be \ge1.4 and \le2.1.

wt

Weight, in kg. Must be \ge40 and \le180.

hba1c

Glycated haemoglobin A1c level, in mmol/mol. Must be \ge15 and <48.

ethn

Ethnicity. Must be one of:

• "WhiteNA" (White or not stated)

• "Indian" (Indian)

• "Pakistani" (Pakistani)

• "Bangladeshi" (Bangladeshi)

• "OtherAsian" (Other Asian)

• "BlackCaribbean" (Black Caribbean)

• "BlackAfrican" (Black African)

• "Chinese" (Chinese)

• "Other" (Other ethnic group).

smoke

Smoking status. Must be one of:

• "Non" (Non-smoker)

• "Ex" (Ex-smoker)

• "Light" (Light smoker - less than 10 cigarettes per day)

• "Moderate" (Moderate smoker - 10 to 19 cigarettes per day)

• "Heavy" (Heavy smoker - 20 or more cigarettes per day).

tds

Townsend deprivation score. Must be \ge-8 and \le14.

fhdm

Family history of diabetes in 1st degree relative.

htn

History of hypertension.

cvd

History of cardiovascular disease.

gdm

History of gestational diabetes.

pcos

History of polycystic ovary syndrome.

learn

History of one or more conditions conveying learning difficulties.

psy

History of schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder.

ster

History of use of corticosteroids.

stat

History of use of statins.

apsy

History of use of 2nd generation antipsychotics.

Value

Risk (%) of type 2 diabetes.

Note

The QDiabetes R package has been created as a research tool for scientific purposes only. The QDiabetes R package has not been granted Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approval as a medical device, and hence, should not be used as part of any individualised risk assessment.

Author(s)

Benjamin G. Feakins [e-mail]

Source

https://qdiabetes.org/2018/src.php

References

Hippisley-Cox, J. and Coupland, C. (2017). Development and validation of QDiabetes-2018 risk prediction algorithm to estimate future risk of type 2 diabetes: cohort study. BMJ 359, j5019. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5019

See Also

QDR2013 - For estimating the 1–10-year risk using QDiabetes-2013.

QDR2018A - For estimating the 10-year risk using QDiabetes-2018 (Model A).

QDR2018B - For estimating the 10-year risk using QDiabetes-2018 (Model B).

Examples

## Simple usage
QDR2018C(sex = "Female", age = 76, ht = 1.65, wt = 70, hba1c = 25)
QDR2018C(sex = "Male", age = 55, bmi = 40, hba1c = seq(15, 40, 5), ethn = "Chinese")
QDR2018C(sex = "Female", age = 65, bmi = 35, hba1c = 30, smoke = "Ex", fhdm = c(FALSE, TRUE))

## Using postcodes to estimate Townsend deprivation scores
QDR2018C(sex = "Male", age = 65, bmi = 40, hba1c = 42, tds = getTDS("OX3 7LF"))
QDR2018C(sex = "Female", age = 60, bmi = 35, hba1c = 42, tds = getTDS(c("OX2 6NW", "OX2 6GG")))

## Data frame usage
data(dat_qdr)
with(dat_qdr, QDR2018C(sex = sex, age = age, bmi = bmi, hba1c = hba1c))

## Plotting outputs
hba1c <- seq(15, 42, length.out = 10)
risk_m <- QDR2018C(sex = "Male", age = 65, bmi = 40, hba1c = hba1c)
risk_f <- QDR2018C(sex = "Female", age = 65, bmi = 40, hba1c = hba1c)

oldpar <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)
par(cex = 0.8, cex.sub = 0.8)
plot.new()
plot.window(xlim = range(hba1c), ylim = range(pretty(c(risk_m, risk_f))))
axis(1, at = hba1c)
axis(2, at = pretty(c(risk_m, risk_f)))
title(
  main = "Diabetes 10-year risk with glycated haemoglobin level:\nQDiabetes-2018 (C-Variant)",
  sub = expression("Age set to 65 years, BMI set to"~40*kg/m^2*", other variables set to defaults"),
  xlab = expression("Haemoglobin"~A[1*c]~"(mmol/mol)"), ylab = "Risk (%)"
)
lines(hba1c, risk_m, type = "b", col = "navy", lwd = 1.5)
lines(hba1c, risk_f, type = "b", col = "red3", lwd = 1.5)
legend("bottomright", legend = c("Male", "Female"), col = c("navy", "red3"), lty = 1, bty = "n")
par(oldpar)