prepare.nbp {NBPSeq}

Prepare the Data Structure for Exact NB test for Two-Group Comparison

Description

Create the NBP data structure, (optionally) normalize the counts, and thin the counts to make the effective library sizes equal.

Usage

prepare.nbp(counts, grp.ids, lib.sizes = colSums(counts),
  norm.factors = NULL, thinning = TRUE, print.level = 1)

Arguments

counts

an n by r matrix of RNA-Seq read counts with rows corresponding to genes (exons, gene isoforms, etc) and columns corresponding to libraries (independent biological samples).

grp.ids

an r vector of treatment group identifiers (can be a vector of integers, chars or strings).

lib.sizes

library sizes, an r vector of numbers. By default, library sizes are estimated by column sums.

norm.factors

normalization factors, an r vector of numbers. If NULL (default), no normalization will be applied.

thinning

a boolean variable (i.e., logical). If TRUE (default), the counts will be randomly down sampled to make effective library sizes approximately equal.

print.level

a number, controls the amount of messages printed: 0 for suppressing all messages, 1 (default) for basic progress messages, and 2 to 5 for increasingly more detailed messages.

Details

Normalization

We take gene expression to be indicated by relative frequency of RNA-Seq reads mapped to a gene, relative to library sizes (column sums of the count matrix). Since the relative frequencies sum to 1 in each library (one column of the count matrix), the increased relative frequencies of truly over expressed genes in each column must be accompanied by decreased relative frequencies of other genes, even when those others do not truly differently express. Robinson and Oshlack (2010) presented examples where this problem is noticeable.

A simple fix is to compute the relative frequencies relative to effective library sizes—library sizes multiplied by normalization factors. Many authors (Robinson and Oshlack (2010), Anders and Huber (2010)) propose to estimate the normalization factors based on the assumption that most genes are NOT differentially expressed.

By default, prepare.nbp does not estimate the normalization factors, but can incorporate user specified normalization factors through the argument norm.factors.

Library Size Adjustment

The exact test requires that the effective library sizes (column sums of the count matrix multiplied by normalization factors) are approximately equal. By default, prepare.nbp will thin (downsample) the counts to make the effective library sizes equal. Thinning may lose statistical efficiency, but is unlikely to introduce bias.

Value

A list containing the following components:

counts

the count matrix, same as input.

lib.sizes

column sums of the count matrix.

grp.ids

a vector of identifiers of treatment groups, same as input.

eff.lib.sizes

effective library sizes, lib.sizes multiplied by the normalization factors.

pseudo.counts

count matrix after thinning.

pseduo.lib.sizes

effective library sizes of pseudo counts, i.e., column sums of the pseudo count matrix multiplied by the normalization.

Note

Due to thinning (random downsampling of counts), two identical calls to prepare.nbp may yield slightly different results. A random number seed can be used to make the results reproducible.

See Also

nbp.test

Examples

## See the example for exact.nb.test