span.graph {MetaLandSim}

Simulate landscape dynamics over a number of time steps

Description

This function gets an initial landscape graph and gradually applies changes. For a good review and classification of such changes see Bogaert et al. (2004) (not all described changes have been applied here). Future versions of the package should include other methods to change the landscape.

Usage

span.graph(rl, span = 100, par1 = 'none', par2 = NULL, 
           par3 = NULL, par4 = NULL, par5 = NULL)

Arguments

rl

Object of class 'landscape'.

span

Number of time steps (e.g. years) to simulate.

par1

Parameter determining the dynamism type. One of the following (default 'none'):

• 'hab' percentage of the number of patches to eliminate.

• 'dincr' minimal distance (between centroids of patches) increase over the simulation (in meters).

• 'darea' percentage of increase/decrease of the mean area of patches, without changing SD. Patches with area <1 square meter are deleted.

• 'stoc' simultaneous creation and destruction of patches with variation in the number of created and destroyed patches.

• 'stoc2' simultaneous creation and destruction of patches with the same percentage of created and destroyed patches derived from the number of patches of the landscape in the preceding time step.

• 'ncsd' simultaneous creation and destruction of patches to the north and south of the landscape.

• 'aggr' correlated habitat destruction.

• 'none' no change.

The percentage of patches to be generated or destroyed at each time step is not fixed (except for 'stoc2' in which case the percentage of created and destroyed patches is the same and directly computed from the number of patches in the preceeding time step, allowing to have landscape dynamism without change in the number of patches). For example if the landscape at the time step t-1 has 200 patches and the user wishes to set up a destruction rate of 5%, than the number of destroyed patches is given by a random number obtained from a Poisson distribution with mean 10 (5% of 200).

par2

Parameter specifying details for the options in par1: percentage of patches do delete (if par1='hab'); distance, in meters (if par1='dincr'); percentage of increase/decrease (increase with negative sign) of the mean area of patches (if par1='darea'); percentage of created/destroyed patches (if par1='stoc'); percentage of created patches (if par1='stoc2'); 'northerndness' of created patches (if par1='ncsd'); percentage of destroyed patches (if par1='aggr').

par3

Additional parameter specifying details for the options in par1: percentage of destroyed patches (if par1='stoc2'); 'southerndness' of destroyed patches (if par1='ncsd'); aggregation of destruction (if par1='aggr'). Minimum area for patch deletion, in hectares (if par1='darea').

par4

Percentage of created patches (if par1='ncsd').

par5

Percentage of destroyed patches (if par1='ncsd').

Value

Returns a list of data frames with the nodes characteristics of a given number of landscapes that suffer a specified change. The fields of these data frames are the same as those from the nodes characteristics resulting from rland.graph.

Author(s)

Frederico Mestre and Fernando Canovas

References

Bogaert, J., Ceulemans, R., & Salvador-Van Eysenrode, D. (2004). Decision tree algorithm for detection of spatial processes in landscape transformation. Environmental Management, 33(1): 62-73.

See Also

rland.graph, simulate_graph, iterate.graph

Examples

data(rland)

#Simulating a decrease of 5% in the number of patches through 100 time steps:

span1 <- span.graph(rl=rland, span=100, par1="hab", par2=5, par3=NULL, par4=NULL, par5=NULL)