| MalevolentUniformsNHL {Lock5Data} | R Documentation |
Malevolent Uniforms NHL
Description
Perceived malevolence of uniforms and penalties for National Hockey League (NHL) teams
Format
A dataset with 28 observations on the following 3 variables.
NHLTeam | Team name |
NHL_Malevolence | Score reflecting the "malevolence" of a team's uniform |
ZPenMin | Z-score for penalty minutes |
Details
Participants with no knowledge of the teams rated the jerseys on characteristics such as timid/aggressive, nice/mean and good/bad. The averages of these responses produced a "malevolence" index with higher scores signifying impressions of more malevolent uniforms. To measure aggressiveness, the authors used the amount of penalty minutes converted to z-scores and averaged for each team over the seasons from 1970-1986.
Source
Frank and Gilovich, "The Dark Side of Self- and Social Perception: Black Uniforms and Aggression in Professional Sports", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 54, No. 1, 1988, p. 74-85.