twocells {LagSequential}

twocells

Description

Simultaneously tests the unidirectional dependence of i to j, and the unidirectional dependence of k to L, an additive pattern described by Wampold and Margolin (1982) and Wampold (1989, 1992).

Usage

twocells(data, i, j, k, L, labels = NULL, lag = 1,
         adjacent = TRUE, tailed = 1, permtest = FALSE, nperms = 10)

Arguments

data

A one-column dataframe, or a vector of code sequences, or a square frequency transition matrix. If data is not a frequency transition matrix, then data must be either (a) a series of string (non-numeric) code values, or (b) a series of integer codes with values ranging from "1" to what ever value the user specifies in the "ncodes" argument. There should be no code values with zero frequencies. Missing values are not permitted.

i

Code value for i.

j

Code value for j.

k

Code value for k.

L

Code value for L.

labels

Optional argument for providing labels to the code values. Accepts a list of string variables. If unspecified, codes will be labeled "Code1", "Code2", etc.

lag

The lag number for the analyses.

adjacent

Can adjacent values be coded the same? Options are "TRUE" for yes, and "FALSE" for no.

tailed

Specify whether significance tests are one-tailed or two-tailed. Options are "1" or "2".

permtest

Do you want to run permutation tests of significance? Options are "FALSE" for no, or "TRUE" for yes. Warning: these computations can be time consuming.

nperms

The number of permutations per block.

Details

This function simultaneously tests the unidirectional dependence of i to j and the unidirectional dependence of k to L. The user specifies the code values used for i, j, k, and L in the analyses. For example, Wampold and Margolin (1982) described a situation wherein a spouse responds to negative behaviors with something other than a negative behavior.

Value

Displays the transitional frequency matrix, observed and expected values for the two cell test, kappa, the z value for kappa, and the significance level.

Returns a list with the following elements:

freqs

The transitional frequency matrix

expfreqs

The expected frequencies

twocellfreq

The observed number of transitions from i to j and from k to L.

kappa

The twocells kappa

z

The z value for the kappa

pk

The p-value for the kappa

Author(s)

Zakary A. Draper & Brian P. O'Connor

References

O'Connor, B. P. (1999). Simple and flexible SAS and SPSS programs for analyzing lag-sequential categorical data. Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers, 31, 718-726.

Wampold, B. E., & Margolin, G. (1982). Nonparametric strategies to test the independence of behavioral states in sequential data. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 755-765.

Wampold, B. E. (1989). Kappa as a measure of pattern in sequential data. Quality & Quantity, 23, 171-187.

Wampold, B. E. (1992). The intensive examination of social interactions. In T. Kratochwill & J. Levin (Eds.), Single-case research design and analysis: New directions for psychology and education (pp. 93-131). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Wampold, B. E. (1995). Analysis of behavior sequences in psychotherapy. In J. Siegfried (Ed.), Therapeutic and everyday discourse as behavior change: Towards a micro-analysis in psychotherapy process research (pp. 189-214). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Examples

twocells(data_Wampold_1982, i = 6, j = 1, k = 3, L = 4,
         labels = c('HPos','HNeu','HNeg','WPos','WNeu','WNeg'),
         permtest = TRUE, nperms = 100)