ET.MortonCRAE {Evapotranspiration}

Morton CRAE Formulation

Description

Implementing the Morton CRAE formulation for estimating potential evapotranspiration, wet-environment areal evapotranspiration and actual areal evapotranspiration.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'MortonCRAE'
ET(data, constants, ts="monthly", est="potential ET",
solar="sunshine hours", Tdew= T, alpha = NULL, message="yes", AdditionalStats="yes",
save.csv="no", ...)

Arguments

data

A list of data which contains the following items (climate variables) required by Morton CRAE formulation:
Tmax, Tmin, Tdew (degree Celcius) or va or RHmax and RHmin, Rs (Megajoules per sqm) or n (hour) or Cd (okta)

constants

A list named constants consists of constants required for the calculation of Morton CRAE formulation which must contain the following items:
Elev - ground elevation above mean sea level in m,
lat_rad - latitude in radians,
PA - annual precipitation in mm, required when precipitation data is not available,
sigma - Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 4.903*10^-9 MJ.K^-4.m^-2.day^-1,
lat - latitude in degrees,
epsilonMo - surface emissivity = 0.92 (Morton, 1986),
fz - A constant in Morton's procedure = 28.0 Wm^-2.mbar^-1 for T >= 0 degree Celcius, and = 28.0*1.15 Wm^-2.mbar^-1 for T >= 0 degree Celcius for CRAE model (Morton, 1983),
b0 - a constants in Morton's procedure, = 1 for CRAE model (Morton, 1983),
b1 - a constant in Morton's procedure, = 14 for CRAE model (Morton, 1983),
b2 - a constant in Morton's procedure, = 1.2 for CRAE model (Morton, 1983),
gammaps - Produce of Psychrometric constant and atmospheric pressure as sea level, = 0.66 mbar. degree Celcius^-1 for T >= 0 degree Celcius, = 0.66/1.15 mbar. degree Celcius^-1 for T < 0 degree Celcius (Morton, 1983),

alphaMo - a constant in Morton's procedure, = 17.27 when T >= 0 degree Celcius, = 21.88 when T < 0 degree Celcius (Morton, 1983),
betaMo - a constant in Morton's procedure, = 237.3 degree Celcius when T >= 0 degree Celcius, = 265.5 degree Celcius, when T < 0 degree Celcius (Morton, 1983),
sigmaMo - Stefan-Boltzmann constant in Morton's procedure, = 5.67e-08 W.m^-2.K^-4 (Morton, 1983),
lambdaMo - Latent heat of vaporisation in Morton's procedure, = 28.5W.day.kg^-1 when T >= 0 degree Celcius, = 28.5*1.15W.day.kg^-1 when T < 0 degree Celcius,

ts

Must be either monthly or annual, which indicates the disired time step that the output ET estimates should be on. Default is monthly.

solar

Must be either data, sunshine hours, cloud or monthly precipitation:
data indicates that solar radiation data is to be used directly for calculating evapotranspiration;
sunshine hours indicates that solar radiation is to be calculated using the real data of sunshine hours;
cloud sunshine hours is to be estimated from cloud data;
monthly precipitation indicates that solar radiation is to be calculated directly from monthly precipitation.
Default is sunshine hours.

est

Must be either potential ET, wet areal ET or actual areal ET:
potential ET proceeds to estimating potential evapotranspiration;
wet areal ET proceeds to estimating wet-environmental areal evapotranspiration;
actual areal ET proceeds to estimating actual areal evapotranspiraion.
Default is potential ET.

Tdew

Must be T or F, indicating if real data of dew point temperature is used for calculating the radiation in Morton's formulations, if T the data will be used and if F the dew point temperature will be calculated from data of daily vapour pressure. Default is T for using actual dew point temperature data.

alpha

Only needed if argument solar has value of data.
Any numeric value between 0 and 1 (dimensionless), albedo of evaporative surface representing the portion of the incident radiation that is reflected back at the surface.
Default is NULL in line with the default use of sunshine hours to estimate solar radiation (i.e. argument solar is sunshine hours.

message

Must be either yes or no, indicating whether message should be printed for calculation summary including the following elements:
- ET model name and ET quantity estimated (i.e. the value of argument est)
- Option for calculating solar radiation (i.e. the value of argument solar)
- If the actual dew point temperature data are used (i.e. the value of argument Tdew)
- Time step of the output ET estimates (i.e. the value of argument ts)
- Units of the output ET estimates
- Time duration of the ET estimation
- Number of ET estimates obtained in the entire time-series
- Basic statistics of the estimated ET time-series including mean, max and min values.

AdditionalStats

"yes" or "no" indicating whether monthly averaged and annual averaged ET should be calculated.

save.csv

Must be either yes or no, indicating whether a .csv of ET estimates should be saved to working directory.

...

Dummy for generic function, no need to define.

Details

The type of evapotranspiration calculated can be selected through argument est, please see Arguments for details. The alternative calculation options can be selected through argument solar and Tdew, please see Arguments for details.

Value

The function generates a list containing the following components:

ET.Daily

Daily aggregated estimations of Morton CRAE potential evapotranspiration, wet-environment areal evapotranspiration or actual areal evapotranspiration.

ET.Monthly

Monthly aggregated estimations of Morton CRAE potential evapotranspiration, wet-environment areal evapotranspiration or actual areal evapotranspiration.

ET.Annual

A zoo object containing annually aggregated estimations of Morton CRAE potential evapotranspiration, wet-environment areal evapotranspiration or actual areal evapotranspiration.

ET.MonthlyAve

A zoo object containing monthly averaged estimations of daily Morton CRAE potential evapotranspiration, wet-environment areal evapotranspiration or actual areal evapotranspiration.

ET.AnnualAve

A zoo object containing annually averaged estimations of daily Morton CRAE potential evapotranspiration, wet-environment areal evapotranspiration or actual areal evapotranspiration.

ET_formulation

Name of the formulation used which equals to MortonCRAE.

ET_type

Type of the estimation obtained which is either Potential Evapotranspiration, Wet-environment Areal Evapotranspiration and Actual Areal Evapotranspiration.

message1

A message to inform the users about how solar radiation has been calculated by using which data.

message6

A message to inform the users about if actual dew point temperature has been used in the calculations or alternative calculations has been performed without dew point temperature data.

Author(s)

Danlu Guo

References

McMahon, T., Peel, M., Lowe, L., Srikanthan, R. & McVicar, T. 2012. Estimating actual, potential, reference crop and pan evaporation using standard meteorological data: a pragmatic synthesis. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 9, 11829-11910.

Morton, F.I. 1983, Operational estimates of areal evapotranspiration and their significance to the science and practice of hydrology. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 66, no. 1-4, pp. 1-76.

See Also

processeddata,defaultconstants,constants,ET.MortonCRWE

Examples

# Use processed existing data set and constants from
# kent Town, Adelaide
data("processeddata")
data("constants")

# Call ET.MortonCRAE under the generic function ET
results <- ET.MortonCRAE(processeddata, constants, ts="monthly",
est="potential ET", solar="sunshine hours", Tdew= TRUE,
alpha = NULL, message="yes", AdditionalStats="yes", save.csv="no")