ET.Makkink {Evapotranspiration}

Makkink Formulation

Description

Implementing the Makkink formulation for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration.

Usage

## S3 method for class 'Makkink'
ET(data, constants, ts="daily", solar="sunshine hours",
message="yes", AdditionalStats="yes", save.csv="no", ...)

Arguments

data

A list of data which contains the following items (climate variables) required by Makkink formulation:
Tmax, Tmin (degree Celcius), Rs (Megajoules per sqm) or n (hour) or Cd (okta)

constants

A list named constants consists of constants required for the calculation of Makkink formulation which must contain the following items:
Elev - ground elevation above mean sea level in m,
lambda - latent heat of vaporisation = 2.45 MJ.kg^-1,
lat_rad - latitude in radians,
Gsc - solar constant = 0.0820 MJ.m^-2.min^-1.

The following constants are also required when argument solar has value of sunshine hours:
as - fraction of extraterrestrial radiation reaching earth on sunless days,
bs - difference between fracion of extraterrestrial radiation reaching full-sun days and that on sunless days.

ts

Must be either daily, monthly or annual, which indicates the disired time step that the output ET estimates should be on. Default is daily.

solar

Must be either data, sunshine hours, cloud or monthly precipitation:
data indicates that solar radiation data is to be used directly for calculating evapotranspiration;
sunshine hours indicates that solar radiation is to be calculated using the real data of sunshine hours;
cloud sunshine hours is to be estimated from cloud data;
monthly precipitation indicates that solar radiation is to be calculated directly from monthly precipitation.
Default is sunshine hours.

message

Must be either yes or no, indicating whether message should be printed for calculation summary including the following elements:
- ET model name and ET quantity estimated
- Option for calculating solar radiation (i.e. the value of argument solar)
- Time step of the output ET estimates (i.e. the value of argument ts)
- Units of the output ET estimates
- Time duration of the ET estimation
- Number of ET estimates obtained in the entire time-series
- Basic statistics of the estimated ET time-series including mean, max and min values.

AdditionalStats

"yes" or "no" indicating whether monthly averaged and annual averaged ET should be calculated.

save.csv

Must be either yes or no, indicating whether a .csv of ET estimates should be saved to working directory.

...

Dummy for generic function, no need to define.

Details

The alternative calculation options can be selected through argument solar, please see Arguments for details.

Value

The function generates a list containing the following components:

ET.Daily

Daily aggregated estimations of Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration.

ET.Monthly

Monthly aggregated estimations of Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration.

ET.Annual

Annually aggregated estimations of Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration.

ET.MonthlyAve

Monthly averaged estimations of daily Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration.

ET.AnnualAve

Annually averaged estimations of daily Makkink reference crop evapotranspiration.

ET_formulation

Name of the formulation used which equals to Makkink.

ET_type

Type of the estimation obtained which is Reference crop evapotranspiration.

message1

A message to inform the users about how solar radiation has been calculated by using which data.

Author(s)

Danlu Guo

References

McMahon, T., Peel, M., Lowe, L., Srikanthan, R. & McVicar, T. 2012. Estimating actual, potential, reference crop and pan evaporation using standard meteorological data: a pragmatic synthesis. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 9, 11829-11910.

De Bruin, H. 1981, The determination of (reference crop) evapotranspiration from routine weather data. Evaporation in relation to hydrology, pp. 25-37.

See Also

ET,processeddata,defaultconstants,constants

Examples

# Use processed existing data set and constants from kent Town, Adelaide
data("processeddata")
data("constants")

# Call ET.Makkink under the generic function ET
results <- ET.Makkink(processeddata, constants, ts="daily", solar="sunshine hours",
message="yes", AdditionalStats="yes", save.csv="no")